ubuntu 小白，对于 package 升级的问题

[terryl]

前两天升级 ubuntu 到 18.04 LTS，但是有 3 个组件，一直停留在较低版本，用 pip install --upgrade 升级的话，会报以下错误：

Package Version Latest Type

---

pycairo 1.16.2 1.17.0 sdist pygobject 3.26.1 3.28.2 sdist pyxdg 0.25 0.26 wheel

错误信息：

Cannot uninstall 'pycairo'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

Cannot uninstall 'pygobject'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

Cannot uninstall 'pyxdg'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

请问各位有啥办法能够把以上三个组件升级到最新版本。谢谢。

[yhx5768]

能用就不要升 x

[omph]

sudo -H pip install pycairo --upgrade --ignore-installed pycairo

[terryl]

@omph 非常感谢，顺利升级其中 2 个 package. 对于 pygobject，还需要做进一步研究。谢谢

[crb912]

18.04 默认只有 python3 了，我全新安装的。我已经放弃 python2 了，过渡到 3。楼主既然也都升级到 18.04 了，干嘛还坚守 python2 呢？
刚测试了：
sudo pip3 install pygobject
sudo pip3 install pyxdg

[terryl]

@crb912 无论是 PIP,还是 PIP3，在升级 pygobect 的时候，都会报错：

Failed building wheel for pygobject

Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-6crg5hla/pygobject/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-hfxuqspt-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-6crg5hla/pygobject/

后来发现需要安装该包：libgirepository1.0-dev

安装该包后，终于能够顺利升级上去。